Utilizing EEG and fNIRS for the detection of sleep-deprivation-induced fatigue and its inhibition using colored light stimulation.

Drowsy driving is a common, but underestimated phenomenon in terms of associated risks as it often results in crashes causing fatalities and serious injuries. It is a challenging task to alert or reduce the driver's drowsy state using non-invasive techniques. In this study, a drowsiness reduction strategy has been developed and analyzed using exposure to different light colors and recording the corresponding electrical and biological brain activities. 31 subjects were examined by dividing them into 2 classes, a control group, and a healthy group. Fourteen EEG and 42 fNIRS channels were used to gather neurological data from two brain regions (prefrontal and visual cortices). Experiments shining 3 different colored lights have been carried out on them at certain times when there is a high probability to get drowsy. The results of this study show that there is a significant increase in HbO of a sleep-deprived participant when he is exposed to blue light. Similarly, the beta band of EEG also showed an increased response. However, the study found that there is no considerable increase in HbO and beta band power in the case of red and green light exposures. In addition to that, values of other physiological signals acquired such as heart rate, eye blinking, and self-reported Karolinska Sleepiness Scale scores validated the findings predicted by the electrical and biological signals. The statistical significance of the signals achieved has been tested using repeated measures ANOVA and t-tests. Correlation scores were also calculated to find the association between the changes in the data signals with the corresponding changes in the alertness level.

Webpalestra: PIC’s. O uso da Cromoterapia para o equilíbrio físico, psíquico e emocional

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The mechanistic basis of chromotherapy: Current knowledge and future perspectives.

Chromotherapy is a method of treatment that uses wavelengths in the visible region for curing different diseases and medical conditions. Recent advances in photobiology and the speciality of Photobiomodulation are uncovering the cellular and molecular effects of visible range electromagnetic radiation. We discuss the reported effects of visible range radiation on cells (in vitro and in vivo) and the attempted explanations of the underlying processes with regard to therapeutic effects. Some of the important advances in this area are reviewed, especially the effects of visible light on bacteria, enzymes and the use of visible light for wound healing and treatment of psychiatric diseases for the purpose of explaining the therapeutic implications of chromotherapy. We highlight the correlation of wavelengths used between recently uncovered mechanisms of photobiology and conventional chromotherapy. The elucidation of mechanisms of the cellular and molecular interaction of light will help in deciphering the scientific background of chromotherapy and will help in the application of this alternative therapeutic treatment to many other diseases.

Application of red light phototherapy in the treatment of radioactive dermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: To observe the effect of red light phototherapy (RLPT) on radioactive dermatitis (RD) caused by radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS: Sixty patients with HNC admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 30 patients in each group. The control group received routine daily care during radiotherapy treatment. In the experimental group, in addition to routine daily care during radiotherapy treatment, photon therapy apparatus RLPT was added, 10 min/time, 2 times/day, and lasted until the end of radiotherapy. The pain and conditions of the patients' skin were assessed daily, and the skin pain and dermatitis grades of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: In terms of the reaction degree of RD, experimental group was mainly grade 0-2, and control group was mainly grade 2-3, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). In terms of skin pain, according to the pain records at week 2, 3, and 4, the pain degree increased with time. However, the score of wound pain in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of RLPT in the treatment of RD can help accelerate wound healing and significantly shorten healing time. It can not only reduce wounds pain of patients, promote inflammation and ulcer healing, but also ensure the smooth progress of patients' radiotherapy and improve their quality of lives, which is worth popularization and application in the clinical practice.

Improved cognitive morning performance in healthy older adults following blue-enriched light exposure on the previous evening.

OBJECTIVES: Exposure to light can have acute alerting and circadian phase-shifting effects. This study investigated the effects of evening exposure to blue-enriched polychromatic white (BEL) vs. polychromatic white light (WL) on sleep inertia dissipation the following morning in older adults. METHODS: Ten healthy older adults (average age = 63.3 yrs; 6F) participated in a 13-day study comprising three baseline days, an initial circadian phase assessment, four days with 2-h evening light exposures, a post light exposure circadian phase assessment and three recovery days. Participants were randomized to either BEL or WL of the same irradiance for the four evening light exposures. On the next mornings at 2, 12, 22 and 32 min after each wake time, the participants completed a 90-s digit-symbol substitution test (DSST) to assess working memory, and objective alertness was assessed using a wake EEG recording. DSST and power density from the wake EEG recordings were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: DSST performance improved with time awake (p < 0.0001) and across study days in both light exposure groups (p < 0.0001). There was no main effect of group, although we observed a significant day x group interaction (p = 0.0004), whereby participants exposed to BEL performed significantly better on the first two mornings after light exposures than participants in WL (post-hoc, p < 0.05). On those days, the BEL group showed higher EEG activity in some of the frequency bins in the sigma and beta range (p < 0.05) on the wake EEG. CONCLUSION: Exposure to blue-enriched white light in the evening significantly improved DSST performance the following morning when compared to polychromatic white light. This was associated with a higher level of objective alertness on the wake EEG, but not with changes in sleep or circadian timing.

Laser and light-based treatments of acne and acne scarring.

The treatment of acne and acne scarring with lasers and light-based and energy-based technologies has become an integral component of our therapeutic arsenal. Lasers including infrared wavelengths and pulsed dye lasers; light devices including blue light, red light, and broadband light; and photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid and methylaminolevulinic acid have been shown to be effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The optimal outcomes are achieved with photodynamic therapy combined with medical therapy. Acne scarring has been best treated with lasers, including nonablative infrared lasers, fractional nonablative and ablative laser resurfacing, and most recently needle-based radiofrequency devices.

Assessment of dietary exposure and effect in humans: The role of NMR.

In human nutritional science progress has always depended strongly on analytical measurements for establishing relationships between diet and health. This field has undergone significant changes as a result of the development of NMR and mass spectrometry methods for large scale detection, identification and quantification of metabolites in body fluids. This has allowed systematic studies of the metabolic fingerprints that biological processes leave behind, and has become the research field of metabolomics. As a metabolic profiling technique, NMR is at its best when its unbiased nature, linearity and reproducibility are exploited in well-controlled nutritional intervention and cross-sectional population screening studies. Although its sensitivity is less good than that of mass spectrometry, NMR has maintained a strong position in metabolomics through implementation of standardisation protocols, hyphenation with mass spectrometry and chromatographic techniques, accurate quantification and spectral deconvolution approaches, and high-throughput automation. Thus, NMR-based metabolomics has contributed uniquely to new insights into dietary exposure, in particular by unravelling the metabolic fates of phytochemicals and the discovery of dietary intake markers. NMR profiling has also contributed to the understanding of the subtle effects of diet on central metabolism and lipoprotein metabolism. In order to hold its ground in nutritional metabolomics, NMR will need to step up its performance in sensitivity and resolution; the most promising routes forward are the analytical use of dynamic nuclear polarisation and developments in microcoil construction and automated fractionation.

[Complex use of naphthalane and nonselective chromotherapy in gonarthrosis treatment in rolling stock workers].

Complex treatment using naphthalane applications with nonselective chromotherapy covered 64 engine operators of locomotive crews, aged 40-69 years, having 1-3 stage knee osteoarthrosis. Findings are that optimized treatment schedules effectively reduce intensity of pain, improve functional state of the joints involved, increase life quality of the patients, have no side effects. Comparative analysis of the treatment results showed that efficiency of combined naphthalane and nonselective chromotherapy exceeds isolated naphthalane effects.

[Contemporary potential of nonmedical treatment in ophthalmology].

The article covers treatment results of 90 patients with primary glaucoma simplex of stage 1 and 2 (137 eyes). The authors proved that using a specified magnetotherapy method, when compared to regular medical therapy, causes more fast and marked regression in clinical symptoms and improvement of vision in patients with primary glaucoma simplex of stages 1 and 2.

Blue light reduces organ injury from ischemia and reperfusion.

Evidence suggests that light and circadian rhythms profoundly influence the physiologic capacity with which an organism responds to stress. However, the ramifications of light spectrum on the course of critical illness remain to be determined. Here, we show that acute exposure to bright blue spectrum light reduces organ injury by comparison with bright red spectrum or ambient white fluorescent light in two murine models of sterile insult: warm liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and unilateral renal I/R. Exposure to bright blue light before I/R reduced hepatocellular injury and necrosis and reduced acute kidney injury and necrosis. In both models, blue light reduced neutrophil influx, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) within each organ, and reduced the release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neutrophil chemotactant and key mediator in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. The protective mechanism appeared to involve an optic pathway and was mediated, in part, by a sympathetic (ß3 adrenergic) pathway that functioned independent of significant alterations in melatonin or corticosterone concentrations to regulate neutrophil recruitment. These data suggest that modifying the spectrum of light may offer therapeutic utility in sterile forms of cellular injury.

Prospective Randomized Long-Term Study on the Efficacy and Safety of UV-Free Blue Light for Treating Mild Psoriasis Vulgaris.

BACKGROUND: Blue light irradiation reduces the proliferation of keratinocytes and modulates T-cell immune response in vitro and has been shown to reduce the severity of psoriasis vulgaris (Pv) in two clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of safety and efficacy of long-term UV-free blue light treatment at home for mild Pv. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with mild Pv were randomized for receiving high-intensity blue light treatment (HI: 453 nm LED, 200 mW/cm(2), n = 24) and low-intensity treatment (LI: 453 nm LED, 100 mW/cm(2), n = 23) of one Pv plaque for 12 weeks. A contralateral control plaque remained untreated. RESULTS: Patient compliance and satisfaction were high. The primary endpoint, change from baseline (CfB) of the Local Psoriasis Severity Index, revealed a significant improvement of the target compared to the control plaques (ΔCfB for the HI group: -0.92 ± 1.10, p = 0.0005; for the LI group: -0.74 ± 1.18, p = 0.0064). CONCLUSION: UV-free blue light home treatment is safe and improves Pv plaques.

Preparative separation and purification of fumigaclavine C from fermented mycelia of Aspergillus fumigatus CY018 by macroporous adsorption resin.

In this work, the separation and purification of fumigaclavine C (FC), an ergot alkaloid with strong anti-inflammatory activity from fermented mycelia of Aspergillus fumigatus was systematically evaluated. Among the eight tested resins, the non-polar resin D101 displayed the best adsorption and desorption based on of static adsorption and desorption tests. Adsorption isotherms were constructed on D101 resin and fitted well to the Freundlich model. Dynamic adsorption and desorption tests on a column packed with D101 resin have been investigated for optimization of chromatographic parameters. Under optimized conditions, the contents of FC increased from 7.32% (w/w) in the crude extract to 67.54% in the final product with a recovery yield of 90.35% (w/w) via one run. Furthermore, a lab scale-up separation was carried out, in which the FC content and recovery yield were 65.83% and 90.13%, respectively. These results demonstrated that this adsorption-desorption strategy by using D101 resin was simple and efficient, thus showing potential for large scale purification and preparation of FC in the future.

[The application of chromo- and laserotherapy for the treatment of the patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant arterial hypertension].

This article gives evidence of the effectiveness of chromo- and laser therapy (using infrared and green wavelenth radiation) in combination with basal pharmacotherapy in the patients presenting with combined pathology. The analysis of the data obtained indicates that the proposed approach makes it possible to accelerate normalization of the clinical characteristics, reduce arterial pressure, improve the parameters of external respiration, and increase the duration of remission periods.

New advances in countercurrent chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography: focus on coupling strategy.

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is an attractive separation method because the analytes are partitioned between two immiscible liquid phases avoiding problems related to solid stationary phase. In recent years, this technique has made great progress in separation power and detection potential. This review describes coupling strategies involving high speed CCC (HSCCC) or centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). It includes on-line extraction-isolation, hyphenation with mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detectors, multidimensional CCC (MDCCC), two-dimensional CCC (2D-CCC), on-line coupling with liquid chromatography (LC), and biological tests, and innovative off-line developments. The basic principles of each method are presented and applications are summarized.

Inference on periodicity of circadian time series.

Estimation of the period length of time-course data from cyclical biological processes, such as those driven by the circadian pacemaker, is crucial for inferring the properties of the biological clock found in many living organisms. We propose a methodology for period estimation based on spectrum resampling (SR) techniques. Simulation studies show that SR is superior and more robust to non-sinusoidal and noisy cycles than a currently used routine based on Fourier approximations. In addition, a simple fit to the oscillations using linear least squares is available, together with a non-parametric test for detecting changes in period length which allows for period estimates with different variances, as frequently encountered in practice. The proposed methods are motivated by and applied to various data examples from chronobiology.

[The experience with the application of selective polarized chromotherapy in the clinical practice].

A series of investigations have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, analgesic, and vegetocorrective effects of extraocular selective polarized chromotherapy using blue and red light and the possibility to optimize autonomous regulation with the help of this technique. The results of the study confirmed the high clinical effectiveness and safety of the method being considered for the treatment of acute respiratory diseases, chronic tonsillitis, cervical dorsopathies, and vegetative dysfunction.

Uso de terapias alternativas en la cicatrización de úlceras de etiología venosa. La cromoterapia / Colour therapy in venous ulcers healing. The chromoteraphy

La úlcera de etiología venosa es la más prevalente de las úlceras de extremidad inferior. Entre el 75 y el 80% de las úlceras de la extremidad inferior son de esta etiología. De acuerdo con las evidencias disponibles, el tratamiento de las úlceras de etiología venosa tiene como base dos grandes pilares: el manejo de la úlcera como una herida crónica y el control de la hipertensión venosa crónica (HTV), su causa primordial, mediante sistemas de alta compresión decreciente y mantenida. De todos los métodos de control de la HTV, el sistema multicapa ha demostrado clínicamente que permite alcanzar un 80% de tasa de cicatrización de lesiones a las doce semanas de tratamiento, erigiéndose como el tratamiento más efectivo de los existentes hasta el momento. Por otro lado, a menudo, una compresión de 40 mm Hg en el tobillo no es bien tolerada por todas las personas afectadas de HTV crónica. Para esos casos rebeldes en los que debemos utilizar recursos alternativos, nosotros hemos utilizándola cromoterapia ya que ha demostrado, mediante varios estudios, ser útil en la curación de heridas consiguiendo, entre otros beneficios, estimular el aporte sanguíneo al lecho de la herida, favoreciendo así la oxigenación. En base a estos hechos, nos planteamos la aplicabilidad de la cromoterapia en la cura de las ulceras venosas, como tratamiento complementario a las curas habituales, cuando estos no son lo suficientemente efectivos o cuando el paciente no tolera el vendaje elástico multicapa (AU)

Venous ulcers are the most prevalent ulcers of the lower extremity. They account for75%-80% of ulcers of the lower extremity. According to the evidence available, there are two main strands to therapy: treatment of the ulcer as a chronic wound, and management of venous hypertension (VHT), the prime cause of venous ulcers. VHT is managed using decreasing and sustained high-compression systems. According to the literature, the multilayer system has been clinically shown to attain an ulcer healing rate of 80% after twelve weeks’ treatment. It is the most effective currently existing treatment. Several studies have shown colour therapy to aid wound healing. Among other effects, it stimulates the blood supply to the wound bed and encourages oxygenation, at the same time inhibiting the growth of anaerobic bacteria. On the strength of the above, we propose the use off-color therapy in treating venous ulcers, as additional treatment to standard therapy, when standard therapy is ineffective or when a patient cannot tolerate multilayer bandaging due to pain (AU)

[Mental and autonomic disorders in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus type I and their correction using color and rhythm therapy].

The objective of the study was to work out a method of color and rhythm therapy (CRT) for correction of mental and autonomic disorders in children with diabetes mellitus type I. The elaboration of the method was based on the results of examination of 62 patients, aged 7-16 years. In addition, a psychometric assessment of anxiety (the Spielberger-Khanin test), stress resistance and communicative abilities (the Luscher color test), depression (the scale of Saint-Petersburg Bekhterev's Psychoneurological Research Institute) and autonomic dysfunctions (the Vein's questionnaire) was performed. CRT was conducted with the apparatus"Color-rhythm" that allows to perform stimulation with the light of specified length. The high effectiveness of CRT in the correction of mental and autonomic disorders depending on the character of disorders and effects of separate photic stimuli (red or yellow, green and blue), sequence and rhythm of their presentation is demonstrated. The choice of automatic working regime of the apparatus is proved to be optimal.

[The use of phototherapy and photochromotherapy in the combined treatment of the patients presenting with astheno-depressive syndrome and neurotic disorders].

The objective of the present clinical and psychopathological study was to estimate the influence of high-intensity white and yellow phototherapy on the clinical condition of 41 and 18 patients respectively presenting with astheno-depressive syndrome. The control group was comprised of 42 patients who were treated by standard pharmacotherapy. Clinical observations of the patients were supplemented by the evaluation of their conditions and characteristics using the Symptom Checklist-90 questionnaire, the Bekhterev Depression Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The patients of the three groups were surveyed before and within 20 days after the initiation of the treatment. It was shown that white light phototherapy considerably reduced the severity of asthenia and depression. Yellow light phototherapy proved more efficacious in the patients with asthenia and somatovegetative dysfunctions.

[The role of phototherapy in the rehabilitation of newborn babies and infants].

This review is devoted to the problems pertaining to the rational application of phototherapy in the rehabilitation of newborn babies and infants. The analysis of the classical and present-day literature sources provided materials for the development of the rationale for the use of colour-puncture therapy. The data included in this review indicate that phototherapy has positive effect on the immune and rehabilitative processes in the newborns following surgical interventions and in the breast-fed infants suffering hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Phototherapy is equally beneficial when the newborn babies need to be treated for cutaneous and nervous disorders or undergo a surgical operation. Moreover, it can be applied to manage endocrine disorders and diseases of the vegetative nervous system. The photo-induced changes in the skin influence the concentration of biologically active compounds in the systemic circulation. It is believed that colour-puncture therapy makes it possible to selectively affect biologically active points in the channel-meridian system of the newborn babies and infants.